International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Research

Transmission Coefficient Measurements Using a 2.48-4.7 GHz Lateral Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna (MB-MPA)

Koyu Chinen — 2024-09-15

We designed a standard triple-wavelength multiband microstrip patch antenna (MB-MPA) by electromagnetic simulation and fabricated it using an FR-4 substrate. The fundamental resonant frequency f₁ was 2.48 GHz, the second-order resonant frequency f₂ was 3.7 GHz, and the third-order resonant frequency f₃ was 4.7 GHz. The f₂ signal resonated at 1/2 the length of the patch width W, and the electrical field intensities of E_φ and E_θ showed π/2 rotation polarization relative to the f₁ signal. The polarization angle of the f₃ signal was about 34 degrees as the f₃ signal resonated at a length of 1/2 of the oblique line of the right triangle consisting of the shortened length L and 1/2 of the width W of the patch. The 0.1 - 6 GHz frequency band reflection and transmission coefficients of S-parameters S₁₁ and S₂₁ measured at a spatial propagation distance of 0.1 - 0.3 m with MB-MPAs as the transmitting and receiving antenna were consistent with the transmission system simulation results. The simulated transmission coefficient S₂₁ at three wavelengths with a spatial propagation distance of 10 - 50 m with two-stage LNAs showed practical values. The lateral resonant MB-MPA can be practically designed by using 3D electromagnetic current density distribution, electric field intensity radiation, and evaluating the transmission coefficient S21.

Electric Cars in Jordan: Opportunities and Challenges

Aiman Albatayneh — 2024-09-15

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in Jordan is influenced by several key factors and presents opportunities and challenges. Factors influencing EV adoption include advancements in battery technology, government policies promoting EVs, the availability of charging infrastructure, and evolving consumer preferences. The shift towards EVs offers numerous opportunities for Jordan, including reduced fuel costs, enhanced energy security, job creation, tourism promotion, and improved air quality. However, challenges such as the impact on the traditional fuel sector, electricity grid limitations, limited charging infrastructure, and consumer awareness need to be addressed. One major challenge is the potential loss of government revenue from fuel and electric car taxes, which requires strategic planning and alternative revenue generation approaches. By implementing targeted policies, fostering public awareness, engaging in international cooperation, and investing in charging infrastructure and green businesses, Jordan can maximize the economic opportunities and societal benefits of EV adoption while mitigating the challenges. Balancing long-term sustainability with immediate financial considerations is essential for a successful and equitable transition towards a cleaner transportation future in Jordan.

Towards Integrating Pressure-Sound Piezo Energy Generator in Sports Facility Energy Mix

Bhekisisa Dube (former Nyoni) — 2024-09-15

The paper examines the evolving landscape of energy sources within sports facilities. Traditionally reliant on electrical power and other forms of power from non-renewable resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, these facilities face the inevitability of resource depletion and environmental repercussions. In response, this paper advocates for the adoption of new avenues, including energy conservation, emission reduction, energy recovery, and embracing renewable energy sources. A pioneering focus is on the implementation of a piezoelectric power generation system, tapping into typically wasted sources such as sound and human locomotion. An experimental approach explored the feasibility of such a system in order to ascertain its reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. With applications ranging from powering low-power electronic devices to environmental monitoring sensors, the successful integration of this technology promises a substantial advancement in the use of other renewable energy sources, diminishing reliance on non-renewable sources albeit on a small scale. The paper endeavours to shed light on the potential application of piezoelectric power generation in the electricity production field, aligning with the overarching objective of harvesting energy from unconventional sources and converting it into usable electrical energy. Moreover, it aims to shed light on the potential integration of piezoelectric and audio-electric generators in the energy or renewable energy mix of sports facilities, and address emerging technologies, societal impacts, and strategies to overcome barriers to adoption.